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Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal (6 August 1820 – 21 January 1914) was a Scottish-born Canadian who became one of the British Empire's foremost builders and philanthropists. He became commissioner, governor and principal shareholder of the Hudson's Bay Company. He was president of the Bank of Montreal and with his first cousin, Lord Mount Stephen, co-founded the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and afterwards represented Montreal in the Canadian House of Commons. He was Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1896 to 1914. He was chairman of Burmah Oil and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. He was chancellor of McGill University (1889–1914)〔(Chancellors of McGill University (McGill Archives) )〕 and Aberdeen University. He lived in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. In 1895, he purchased an estate in Scotland, building and living at Glencoe House. In 1905, he purchased the Island of Colonsay including Colonsay House, where his descendants still live. He kept a house in London and after his appointment as Canadian High Commissioner leased Knebworth House from 1899 until his death. His funeral was held at Westminster Abbey, where a memorial stands to his memory.
In reference to his reputation as a magnanimous philanthropist, King Edward VII called him "Uncle Donald": his will was valued at $5.5 million. During his lifetime, and including the bequests left after his death, he gave away just over $7.5 million plus a further £1 million (not including private gifts and allowances) to a huge variety of charitable causes across Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. He personally raised Lord Strathcona's Horse, who saw their first action in the Boer War. He funded the building of Leanchoil Hospital. He and his first cousin, Lord Mount Stephen, purchased the land and then each gave $1 million to the City of Montreal to construct and maintain the Royal Victoria Hospital. He endowed the Lord Strathcona Medal and donated generously to McGill University, Aberdeen University, the University of Manchester, Yale University, the Prince of Wales Hospital Fund and the Imperial Institute. At McGill, he started the ''Donalda Program'' for the purpose of providing higher education for Canadian women, building the Royal Victoria College on Sherbrooke Street for that purpose in 1886. He also built the Strathcona Medical Building at McGill and endowed its chairs in pathology and hygiene. Strathcona Park in Ottawa is dedicated to his memory.
==Early life==
Born 6 August 1820, on Forres High Street, in Moray, Scotland, he was the second son of Alexander Smith (1786–1841) and his wife Barbara Stuart, daughter of Donald Stuart (b.c.1740) of Leanchoil, Upper Strathspey, descended from Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany.〔(Genealogy of the Stuart family )〕 His father, whose family had lived at Archiestown Cottage as crofters at Knockando, became a saddler at Forres after trying his hand at farming and soldiering. He was also a first cousin of the successful and notably philanthropic Grant brothers of Manchester, immortalised as the "Cheeryble Brothers" in Charles Dickens' book, Nicholas Nickleby.〔(Lord Strathcona – The Story of his Life by Beckles Willson )〕〔(The Cheeryble Brothers )〕 Donald's mother was the sister of the Canadian explorer John Stuart, partner of the North West Company and Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company.
Smith was educated at Anderson's Free School and on leaving at age sixteen he was apprenticed to become a lawyer in the offices of Robert Watson, Town Clerk of Forres. By the age of eighteen, Smith was ambitious for a more exciting career path: The Cheeryble Grants offered him entry into mercantile life at Manchester; another connection offered him a career in the Indian Civil Service, while his well-known uncle John Stuart, who had by then returned to live near Forres, offered him a junior clerkship in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. Smith chose to follow his uncle's career and sailed to Montreal that year.〔(Lord Strathcona – The Story of his Life by Beckles Willson )〕
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